9/26/2023 0 Comments Faqt score 79![]() Human intervention studies with nutritional supplements were eliminated since the aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of real-life natural feeding on the development of NAFLD. Eventually, a total of 170 articles were selected, of which 93 were systematic reviews, meta-analyses, consensus documents, or guidelines, and 67 were human observational or intervention studies a small proportion of animal studies were also included. To sensitise the search and select the most pertinent articles, we used the aforementioned keywords and applied different Boolean operators. In addition, recent reviews, meta-analyses, consensus documents, and guidelines about NAFLD, foods, and its pathophysiological mechanisms were also included. We searched for scientific studies published in the last 10 years and written in English in PubMed’s website MEDLINE Database, NCBI, and Google Scholar by using specific search terms (‘NAFLD’ or ‘MAFLD’, ‘nutrition’, ‘diabetes’, ‘insulin resistance’, ‘metabolic syndrome’, ‘cardiovascular disease’, ‘fructose’, ‘carbohydrates’, ‘fats’, ‘fibre’, ‘protein’, ‘lipogenesis’, ‘ketogenic diet’, ‘Mediterranean diet’, ‘vegan/vegetarian diet’, ‘DASH’, ‘intermittent fasting’, and ‘microbiota’). The objectives of this narrative review are to offer a general overview of NAFLD and to assess the effect of specific nutrients and some dietary patterns on the development of the disease. Accordingly, the objective of this manuscript is to provide an overview of the general aspects of NAFLD and to review the effects of specific nutrients and dietary patterns in the development of the disease. ![]() Thus, different dietary components could modify its natural course, which means it is important to comprehensively discuss the role of nutrition and its main components in the natural history of NAFLD. Nutrition is the principal contributory factor affecting NAFLD development. In addition, a subtype of NAFLD called non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) has a potentially progressive course, leading to liver fibrosis, cirrhosis, and/or hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC)-conditions which may require treatment through liver transplantation. It is also closely related to other metabolic diseases such as type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), obesity, metabolic syndrome (MetS), and dyslipidaemia. Fatty liver diseases are closely linked with a globalised economy and an increasingly homogenous sociocultural westernised lifestyle. NAFLD is the most common cause of chronic liver disease worldwide and represents a major, growing, and often overlooked public health problem. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a general term used to cover a continuum of liver disorders that are distinguished by evidence of excessive fat in the liver (hepatic steatosis) on imaging or histology (macrovesicular steatosis in >5% of hepatocytes), and the absence of secondary causes (alcohol consumption, medications, hereditary disorders). More clinical trials are required, however, to identify the best evidence-based dietary treatment approach. Most current guidelines recommend low-calorie, plant-based diets, such as the Mediterranean diet, as the most effective dietary pattern to treat NAFLD. We, therefore, summarise what is currently known about the effects of macronutrients, foods, and dietary patterns on NAFLD prevention and treatment. However, few clinical trials have evaluated the effects of nutrition interventions on NAFLD. It is well established that an unhealthy diet rich in calories, sugars, and saturated fats and low in polyunsaturated fatty acids, fibre, and micronutrients plays a critical role in the development and progression of this disease. The aim of this review, then, is to discuss the role of specific nutrients and the effects of different dietary interventions on NAFLD. Treatment is therefore based on lifestyle modifications including changes to diet and exercise, although it is unclear what the most effective form of intervention is. Currently, there is no effective pharmacotherapeutic treatment for NAFLD. It is characterised by fat accumulation in the liver evolving to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), an inflammatory subtype that can lead to liver fibrosis and cirrhosis. NAFLD is the world’s most common chronic liver disease, and its increasing prevalence parallels the global rise in diabetes and obesity.
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